Masu jefa ƙuri'a su ne muhimman abubuwa a cikin kayan aiki na sarrafa kayayyaki, na'urorin likitanci, injinan masana'antu, da kayan daki na ofis. Dangane da bambance-bambancen tsari, nau'ikan da aka saba amfani da su za a iya raba su zuwa "masu jefa ƙuri'a masu ɗaukar girgiza" da "masu jefa ƙuri'a masu juyawa." Biyun sun bambanta sosai a tsarin bazara, tsarin juyawa, ƙarfin kaya, taurin saman ƙafa, hanyoyin shigarwa, da sauran girma. Rikice su yayin zaɓe sau da yawa yana haifar da juriya mai ƙarfi, hayaniya, lalacewar ƙasa, ko girgizar kayan aiki. Mai zuwa yana sake duba nau'ikan masu jefa ƙuri'a guda biyu daga fuskoki huɗu: ƙa'idodin tsari, mahimman sigogi, yanayi na yau da kullun, da kuma ƙididdigar kalmomin shiga, don taimakawa ma'aikatan saye, ƙira, da kulawa su daidaita buƙatunsu cikin sauri.
1. Bambance-bambancen Tsarin: Daga "Module na Shaye-shaye Mai Ban Mamaki" zuwa "Hanyar Juyawa"
1. Masu Shafar Girgiza
Kalmomi masu mahimmanci: shaƙar girgizar bazara, elastomer, maƙallin ɗaukar girgiza, juyawar firam ɗin ƙafa, gasket ɗin buffer, eccentricity, damping coefficient
Babban fasalin shine ƙara wani abu mai ɗauke da girgiza tsakanin maƙallin da kuma firam ɗin ƙafafun. Mafita da aka fi sani sun haɗa da:
- Maɓuɓɓugan ƙarfe: juriya ga gajiya, tsawon rai, ya dace da yanayin girgiza mai yawa;
- Polyurethane elastomers: ba ya da gyara, yana jure tsatsa, ana amfani da shi a cikin ɗakuna masu tsabta ko muhalli mai danshi;
- Haɗin kushin bazara da damping: yana daidaita matsewa da shaƙar girgiza, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin kekunan likitanci da sarrafa kayan aiki daidai.
Yawanci ana tsara maƙallan da ke ɗaukar girgiza ne da kusurwar juyawa ta 3°–5°. Idan saman hanya bai daidaita ba, maƙallin zai iya ɗan juyawa don shanye girgizar da kuma rage saurin hawan da ake kaiwa ga jikin abin hawa.
2. Masu Juyawa
Kalmomi masu mahimmanci: na'urar juyawa, bearing na ƙwallo, fil, hanyar tsere biyu, zoben hatimi, farantin sama, tushe, hannun faɗaɗawa, sandar zare, makullin hanya, cikakken birki, birki na gefe
Tsarin ginin shine "tsarin juyawa," wanda ya ƙunshi manyan da ƙananan hanyoyin tsere, ƙwallo, da fil (ko rivet), wanda ke ba da damar juyawa a kwance na 360°. Jerin manyan masu amfani suna amfani da bearings masu daidaito na hanyar tsere biyu tare da man shafawa masu ɗorewa, wanda ke ba da damar farawa da ƙarfin juyi ƙasa da 0.3 N·m, wanda ke ba da damar sauƙin tuƙi na hannu ɗaya. Don danne juyawar "serpentine" yayin motsi mai sauri, wasu samfura suna ba da ayyukan "kulle alkibla" ko "cikakken birki", waɗanda ke kulle saman juyawa ko ƙafafun ta hanyar taka feda, daidaita sassauci da kwanciyar hankali na layi madaidaiciya.
2. Mayar da Hankali Kan Aiki: Gyaran ƙafa da kuma Tuƙi
1. Masu Shafar Girgiza
- Rage saurin girgiza da kashi 30%–60%, yana kare kayayyaki masu saurin kamuwa (gilashi, kayan gani, magungunan sarkar sanyi);
- Yana rage hayaniya da 5–10 dB, wanda ya dace da yanayi mai natsuwa kamar asibitoci, ɗakunan karatu, da otal-otal masu taurari;
- Yana tsawaita tsawon rayuwar wuraren walda da ƙusoshin abin hawa, yana rage farashin gyara.
Canjin shine ƙaruwar tsayin ginin da mm 15-30, kuma taurin bazara dole ne ya dace da nauyin: idan nauyin ya yi sauƙi sosai, maɓuɓɓugar ba za ta iya matsewa ba, ta rasa shaƙar girgiza; idan ya yi nauyi sosai, yana ƙasa, yana ƙara tasirin.
2. Masu Juyawa
- Ƙaramin ƙarfin sitiyari, wanda ke ba da damar rage faɗin hanya da kashi 20%, ya dace da ƙananan bita, ɗakunan lif, da hanyoyin babban kanti;
- Hanyoyin shigarwa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da farantin sama (nisan ramuka na yau da kullun na kusurwoyi huɗu na 45-76 mm), tushe (diamita 20-40 mm), da sandar zare (M8-M16), wanda ke ba da damar haɗawa da sauri tare da bayanan martaba, bututun ƙarfe, da ramukan ƙarfe na takarda;
- Feda mai "cikakken birki" na zaɓi yana kulle saman ƙafafun da tsarin juyawa a lokaci guda, yana hana kekunan hawa ko murhun masana'antu su yi birgima.
Abin da ya jawo matsalar shi ne rashin tsarin matashin kai; idan benen yana da haɗin faɗaɗawa ko kuma farantin ƙarfe ya yi karo, jikin abin hawa yana yin rawar jiki lokaci-lokaci, wanda hakan na iya sa sukurori su sassauta ko kuma su yi aiki na dogon lokaci.
3. Nau'i-nau'i: Masu Juyawa Masu Shafar Girgiza
Tare da yaɗuwar kayan saman ƙafafun kamar polyurethane (PU), robar thermoplastic (TPR), da elastomers da aka gyara na nailan, tsarin haɗakar "shawo kan girgiza + juyawa" ya bayyana:
- Taurin saman tayoyin Shore A 65–85, wanda ke ɗaukar ƙananan girgiza a zahiri;
- Har yanzu maƙallin yana riƙe da tsarin juyawa na yau da kullun, yana cimma sitiyari na 360°;
- An haɗa shi sosai, baya ƙara ƙarin maƙallan bazara, tsayin gaba ɗaya yana kama da na yau da kullun masu juyawa.
Sau da yawa ana yi wa waɗannan kayayyakin lakabi da "masu ɗaukar kaya masu jan hankali" ko "masu ɗaukar kaya masu juyawa na elastomer." A ƙarƙashin yanayin kaya na kilogiram 50-200 da kuma saurin ≤4 km/h, za su iya maye gurbin ƙafafun da ke shaye-shaye na bazara, wanda ke rage farashin gaba ɗaya da kashi 15%-25%.
4. Tsarin Zaɓe: Matakai Huɗu
1. Tabbatar da jimillar kaya da nauyin ƙafa ɗaya
Tsarin: Nauyin ƙafa ɗaya = (nauyin kayan aiki + matsakaicin nauyin kaya) × ma'aunin aminci 1.25 / adadin ƙafafun. Idan ƙasan ba ta daidaita ba, ya kamata a ƙara ma'aunin tsaro zuwa 1.4.
2. Kimanta yanayin bene da saurinsa
- Bene-bene na Epoxy, benayen PVC: fifita PU ko TPR, ƙarancin hayaniya da kuma dacewa da bene;
- Haɗaɗɗen faɗaɗa siminti, haɗa farantin ƙarfe: yi la'akari da ɗaukar girgizar bazara ko saman ƙafafun roba;
- Gudun da ya wuce kilomita 4/h (misali, kekunan jan wutar lantarki) suna buƙatar bearings biyu na hanyar tsere, saman ƙafafun ƙarfe, ko PU mai ƙarfi don guje wa samar da zafi da wargajewa.
3. Ƙayyade hanyar shigarwa da tazara tsakanin ramuka
Tazarar ramukan saman farantin na 45×45 mm, 50×50 mm, 58×58 mm, 72×72 mm jerin Turai ne na yau da kullun; tsawon tushe 50–100 mm dole ne ya dace da kauri bangon bututu; dole ne a duba ƙayyadaddun sandar zare da kauri farantin ƙarfe na abin hawa da sararin walda na goro.
4. Kayan haɗi masu aiki
- Kulle alkibla: don turawa madaidaiciya mai nisa, yana rage juyawa;
- Cikakken birki/birki na gefe: yana hana birgima a kan gangara;
- Murfin ƙura: Yana hana gashi da ƙura shiga hanyar tsere a masana'antar abinci da magunguna;
- Tayar da ke amfani da wutar lantarki: Juriya ≤10⁴ Ω, ana amfani da ita a wuraren taron lantarki don hana taruwar iska.
5. Kulawa da Tsawon Rai
- Man shafawa: A sake cika man shafawa mai tushen lithium duk bayan watanni 6 ko kilomita 500; a rage shi zuwa watanni 3 a cikin yanayin da ƙura ke da yawa;
- Dubawa: Duba ko lalacewar saman tayoyin ya daidaita; lalacewar da ba ta daidaita ba tana nuna lalacewar maƙallan ko yawan aiki;
- Matsewa: Bayan cikakken lodi na farko akan sabbin ƙafafun da aka sanya, sake matse kusoshin hawa don hana sassautawa saboda "zama";
- Sauyawa: Idan saman tayoyin ya lalace da kashi 3% a diamita ko kuma ya nuna fashewar roba ko kuma ɓarnar PU, a maye gurbin dukkan tayoyin don guje wa lalacewar kai tsaye.
6. Jerin Kalmomi Masu Sauri
Masu jefa ƙuri'a masu ɗaukar girgiza: maƙallan bazara, shaƙar girgiza mai laushi, masu jefa ƙuri'a masu buffer, masu jefa ƙuri'a na likita, masu jefa ƙuri'a masu shiru, ƙafafun keɓewar girgiza, maƙallan juyawa, maƙallan rage girgiza, maƙallan juyawa, ma'aunin rage girgiza, rage girgiza
Masu jefa ƙwallo: masu jefa ƙwallo masu juyawa, masu jefa ƙwallo masu motsi, masu jefa ƙwallo na saman faranti, masu jefa ƙwallo na tushe, ƙafafun juyawa masu birki gaba ɗaya, makullai na alkibla, hanyoyin tsere biyu, teburan juyawa na ƙwallo, tsarin Kingpin
Sigogi na gaba ɗaya: ƙarfin kaya, diamita na ƙafa, faɗin ƙafa, tsayin shigarwa, radius na juyawa, ƙarfin farawa, hanyar birki, taurin saman ƙafa, nau'in ɗaukar kaya, zafin aiki, mai sarrafawa/mai hana tsayawa, RoHS, REACH
Kammalawa
"Shan girgiza" da "juyawa" ba ra'ayoyi ne masu karo da juna ba, amma mafita ce ta tsarin da ke magance matsalolin ciwo daban-daban. Idan yanayin aiki yana da alaƙa da girgiza, fifita kimanta shaƙar girgizar bazara ko saman ƙafafun da ke da ƙarfi; idan hanyar ta yi kunkuntar kuma ana buƙatar juyawa akai-akai, zaɓi masu juyawa masu sassauƙa tare da ayyukan juyawa da birki. Bayyana mahimman canje-canje guda uku na kaya, bene, da sauri, sannan kwatanta tsarin maƙallan, kayan saman ƙafafun, girman shigarwa, da kayan haɗin aiki don zaɓar madaidaicin mai juyawa daga dubban SKUs, daidaita farashi, tsawon rai, da ƙwarewar mai amfani.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-13-2025
